Image at right: According to polls and surveys world-wide, the Western world, including Australia, lags far behind so-called "developing" countries in enacting laws protecting children from violence in the home.
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Background information
(The information below has been taken from the Wikipedia entry titled 'Corporal punishment in the home', accessed from
)Definition of corporal punishment
Physical or corporal punishment by a parent or other legal guardian is any act causing deliberate physical pain or discomfort to a minor child in response to some undesired behavior. It typically takes the form of spanking or slapping the child with an open hand or striking with an implement such as a belt, slipper, cane, hairbrush or paddle, hanger, and can also include shaking, pinching, forced ingestion of substances, or forcing children to stay in uncomfortable positions.
The growing debate around the physical punishment of children
Social acceptance of corporal punishment is high in countries where it remains lawful, particularly among more traditional groups. In many cultures, parents have historically been regarded as having the right, if not the duty, to physically punish misbehaving children in order to teach appropriate behavior. Researchers, on the other hand, point out that corporal punishment typically has the opposite effect, leading to more aggressive behavior in children and less long-term obedience.
Other adverse effects, such as depression, anxiety, anti-social behavior and increased risk of physical abuse, have also been linked to the use of corporal punishment by parents. Evidence shows that spanking and other physical punishments, while nominally for the purpose of child discipline, are inconsistently applied, often being used when parents are angry or under stress. Severe forms of corporal punishment, including kicking, biting, scalding and burning, can also constitute child abuse.Physical punishment as a violation of children's human rights
International human-rights and treaty bodies such as the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Council of Europe and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights have advocated an end to all forms of corporal punishment, arguing that it violates children's dignity and right to bodily integrity. Many existing laws against battery, assault, and/or child abuse make exceptions for "reasonable" physical punishment by parents, a defence rooted in common law and specifically English law. During the late 20th and into the 21st century, some countries began removing legal defences for adult guardians' use of corporal punishment, followed by outright bans on the practice. Most of these bans are part of civil law and therefore do not impose criminal penalties unless a charge of assault and/or battery is justified; however, the local child protective services can and will often intervene.
Countries where the physical punishment of children is banned
Ever since Sweden outlawed all corporal punishment of children in 1979, an increasing number of countries have enacted similar bans, particularly following international adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. As of 2021, this comprises 22 of the 27 member states of the European Union as well as 26 of the 38 countries belonging to the OECD.
As of January 6, 2023, 70 countries had banned the physical punishment of children. In chronological order, these are:
Sweden (1979), Finland (1983), Austria (1989), Cyprus (1994), Denmark (1997), Poland (1997), Latvia (1998), Germany (1998), Croatia (1999), Bulgaria (2000), Israel (2000), Turkmenistan (2002), Iceland (2003), Ukraine (2004), Romania (2004), Hungary (2005), Greece (2006), Netherlands (2007), New Zealand (2007), Portugal (2007), Uruguay (2007),
Venezuela (2007), Chile (2007), Spain (2007), Togo (2007), Costa Rica (2008), Moldova (2008), Luxembourg (2008), Liechtenstein (2008), Norway (2010), Tunisia (2010), Kenya (2010), Congo, Republic of (2010), Albania (2010), South Sudan (2011), North Macedonia (2013), Cabo Verde (2013), Honduras (2013), Malta (2014), Brazil (2014), Bolivia (2014),
Argentina (2014), San Marino (2014), Nicaragua (2014), Estonia (2014), Andorra (2014), Benin (2015), Ireland (2015), Peru (2015), Mongolia (2016), Montenegro (2016), Paraguay (2016), Aruba (2016), Slovenia (2016), Lithuania (2017), Nepal (2018), Kosovo (2019), France (2019), South Africa (2019), Jersey (2019), Japan (2020), Georgia (2020), Scotland (2020), Seychelles (2020), Guinea (2021), Colombia (2021), South Korea (2021), Wales (2022), Zambia (2022) and Mauritius (2022).
However, domestic corporal punishment of children remains legal in most of the world, including in the United States, Canada and England, countries with which Australia often compares itself.